Understanding the Basics of Tooth Biology, Anatomy, and Root Canal Treatment
The purpose of root canal therapy is to relieve pain caused by an infected or abscessed tooth. It involves removing inflamed pulp, cleaning and disinfecting the inside of the tooth, and then sealing it. The following will explain some of the details of tooth biology and root canal treatment.
Beneath the enamel and dentin layers of your tooth lies a complex internal system. Central to this system is the pulp chamber, which houses the tooth's pulp— comprised of nerves, blood vessels, and intricate connective tissues. This pulp was important for the tooth's initial growth, function, and overall vitality, and is often just referred to as “the nerve”.
Purpose of the Pulp
Development: The first purpose of the pulp was to develop and grow the tooth. Even after the tooth erupts through the gums it continues to grow the root for several more years.
Nutrition and Support: The pulp helps nourish the tooth by supplying it with moisture and nutrients.
Sensation: The pulp is responsible for sensations of sensitivity to hot, cold, air, and sweets.
Defense: As we age, the pulp aids in thickening the dentin wall, a hard tissue that offers added protection to the tooth.
When is it Time for a Root Canal?
Issues arise when the pulp becomes compromised due to deep cavities, traumatic injuries, cracks, heavy function, or other underlying factors. This can lead to inflammation, pain, or infection. In such instances, an endodontic procedure, commonly known as a root canal, becomes necessary.
Symptoms of needing a root canal include:
- Spontaneous tooth pain that may be sharp or dull
- Pain to hot or cold with lingering
- Pain to hot that is relieved by cold
- Pain to touch, tap, or chew
- Evidence of infection like swelling or purulent drainage (pus)
The Root Canal Process: A Detailed Breakdown
Preliminary Diagnosis and Radiography: We commence with radiographic evaluations, including 3D Cone Beam CT (CBCT) imaging, which allows us to ascertain the shape of the root canals and the conditions in the bone and tissues surrounding the roots. We also have a thorough discussion about your symptoms or circumstances that brought you to our office.
Local Anesthesia Administration: To assure a pain-free experience, the tooth and surrounding tissues are anesthetized.
Isolation: A latex or non-latex barrier called a rubber dam will be placed to isolate and protect the tooth from contamination from saliva and protect you from the instruments and irrigants that will be used.
Creation of Access Opening: A precise entry point is established to facilitate access to the canals.
Extirpation, Cleaning, and Shaping: The ailing pulp (if present) is removed, and the canal is then thoroughly cleaned, shaped, and disinfected.
Beyond traditional needle irrigation, we've incorporated advanced technologies such as the Fotona Lightwalker laser and/or the Gentlewave system to more thoroughly clean your tooth. Click here to read more about these technologies and why they are important.
Canal Obturation (filling the root canal system): the space is filled with a biocompatible material, ensuring the canal is sealed.
Final Restoration: Typically a post-endodontic restoration, such as a filling or a crown, is required to reestablish the tooth's structural integrity and aesthetics. This may include a post, which is a fiberglass or steel rod/dowel that is inserted into a canal and helps support the remaining restoration and offer resistance to fracture. Sometimes, when decay has gone very deep, more advanced procedures are needed such as gingivectomy (trimming back some of the gum tissue) or even crown lengthening (removing some of the bone in order to reveal more tooth).
What to Expect During and After the Procedure
During: With modern techniques and anesthesia, patients are surprised by how painless and straightforward the procedure is. Plan for the procedure to last between 60 and 90 minutes.
After: Some tenderness or swelling might be present after the procedure, but it's usually minor and goes away within a few days. Over-the-counter pain medications can help manage any discomfort. It's crucial to follow care instructions and attend follow-up appointments to ensure everything is healing as it should.
If you believe you might need a root canal or have questions about the procedure, please reach out to us. Remember, taking action early can save your tooth and prevent further complications.
Contact us today to choose treatment under the care of Dr. Shelley at Elm Endodontics, which offers the best in modern care utilizing 3D CBCT imaging, treatment and diagnosis while using a microscope, enhanced irrigation technologies, and private rooms.